by Prof Dr Dasan Swaminathan
Human dentition refers to the arrangement, development and function of teeth in the human mouth. It plays a critical role in digestion, speech, and overall health.
Below is an overview of human dentition, its development and its effects on health:
1. Types of Human Dentition
Human dentition is divided into two main stages:
Primary Dentition (Deciduous Teeth)
– Also known as “Baby teeth”
– Consists of 20 teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines, and 8 molars.
– Erupts between 6 months and 3 years of age – serves as placeholders for permanent teeth and aids in early chewing and speech development.
Permanent Dentition
– Consists of 32 teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars (bicuspids), and 12 molars (including 4 wisdom teeth).
– Erupts between 6 and 21 years of age, replacing primary teeth.
– Designed for a lifetime of use, with stronger enamel and roots.
2. Development of Human Dentition
Tooth development occurs in stages, beginning in the womb and continuing into early adulthood:
Prenatal Development
– Tooth formation begins around the 6th week of embryonic development.
– Dental lamina forms and tooth buds for primary teeth develop.
Postnatal Development
– Primary Teeth Eruption: Begins around 6 months of age and completes by 3 years.
– Mixed Dentition Phase: Between 6 and 12 years, primary teeth are gradually replaced by permanent teeth.
– Permanent Teeth Eruption: Completes by the late teens or early 20s with the eruption of wisdom teeth (third molars).
3. Functions of Human Dentition
– Mastication (Chewing): Teeth break down food into smaller pieces, aiding digestion.
– Speech: Teeth help in forming sounds and words.
– Aesthetics: Teeth contribute to facial structure and appearance.
– Protection: Properly aligned teeth protect the oral cavity and support jaw health.
4. Effects on Human Health
Human dentition has significant implications for overall health:
Positive Effects
– Nutrition: Properly functioning teeth enable efficient chewing, which is essential for nutrient absorption.
– Oral Health: Healthy teeth and gums reduce the risk of infections and diseases like gingivitis or periodontitis.
– Confidence: A well-aligned, healthy smile boosts self-esteem and social interactions.
Negative Effects (if dentition and gums are poorly maintained)
– Dental Caries (Cavities): Caused by plaque build-up and poor oral hygiene.
– Gum Disease: Inflammation and infection of the gums, leading to tooth loss if untreated.
– Malocclusion: Misaligned teeth can cause difficulty in chewing, speech issues, and jaw pain.
– Systemic Health Issues: Poor oral health is linked to conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, premature births and low birth weight in babies, cancers and other systemic diseases. Inflammation that occurs in gum disease plays a vital role in contributing to these systemic diseases and disorders.
5. Maintaining Healthy Dentition
– Oral Hygiene: Brushing twice daily, flossing, and using mouthwash.
– Regular Dental check- ups: Professional cleanings and early detection of issues.
– Balanced Diet: Limiting sugary foods and consuming calcium-rich foods for strong teeth.
– Protective Measures: Using mouth guards during sports and avoiding habits like teeth grinding.
In summary, human dentition is a complex and vital system that evolves over time. Proper care and maintenance of teeth are essential for overall health and well-being and well-maintained oral health can serve us for many years.
Professor Dr Dasan Swaminathan advocates “Healthcare for All”
WE